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Pulse and Path

Head to head

Garmin fēnix 8 vs Venu 4

One of these costs roughly twice the other, and it is the first Garmin price gap on this site that the published tables genuinely justify. What it buys is endurance and a map, not a better number.

By Stephen V.Published October 18, 2026
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We earn a commission when you buy through our Amazon links, at no extra cost to you. It never decides a ranking — the rubric that does is published in full, so you can check us rather than take our word for it. How this works.

Garmin Garmin fēnix 8 (47mm)

Top pick

Expedition and rough-terrain use

Garmin fēnix 8 (47mm)

Everything Garmin makes, in a case built to survive being hit. You pay for the durability, not for better data.

Manufacturer specification7.5/10
$774.00Check price on Amazon

$999.9923% off

Price as of October 22, 2026. Prices move; Amazon's is the one that counts.

#ad · we may earn a commission from this link to Garmin fēnix 8 (47mm)

The short answer

Buy the fēnix 8 if you need endurance or maps: Garmin states 35 hours in all-satellite multi-band mode against the Venu 4's 17, and 16 smartwatch days against 12. Buy the Venu 4 for everything else, because its own manual gives it the Forerunner training stack, an ECG app and the same external-strap support for materially less money.

Ranked

Quick picks

#DeviceBest forEvidenceScorePrice
01
Garmin Garmin fēnix 8 (47mm)
Garmin fēnix 8 (47mm)

Everything Garmin makes, in a case built to survive being hit. You pay for the durability, not for better data.

Expedition and rough-terrain useManufacturer specification7.5/10$774.00Amazon
02
Garmin Garmin Venu 4
Garmin Venu 4

A Forerunner's training stack in a steel lifestyle case, with a longer published battery than the running watch it is priced against.

One watch for training data and everyday wearManufacturer specification7.1/10$543.00Amazon

#ad· Live prices from the Amazon Product API, as of October 22, 2026. Where we have no verified live price we show none. Scores come from the published rubric at How we rank — the Evidence column shows what each ranking actually rests on, including where the answer is nothing.

Why this comparison only became possible in 2026

For most of the Venu line's existence this would have been an unanswerable question, and not for the reason you would expect. Garmin publishes battery life per satellite mode, and until the Venu 4 the Venu manuals published no all-satellite-plus-multi-band row at all, because no Venu had a multi-band receiver. Comparing a fēnix to a Venu meant setting a multi-band figure against a single-frequency one and calling the difference battery life, which is the same mode-mismatch trap we document on Forerunner 570 vs fēnix 8.

The Venu 4 owner's manual changes that. It publishes an all-satellite-systems-plus-multi-band row — 17 hours at 45 mm, 12 at 41 mm — which is the row this site ranks watches on, and it is the same row the fēnix 8 Series manual publishes. So for the first time the adventure flagship and the lifestyle flagship can be read against each other honestly, in the mode you would actually run if positioning accuracy is why you bought a current Garmin.

Garmin's own figures, mode by mode

Everything in this table is manufacturer-stated, from the two manuals linked above. We use the 47 mm fēnix 8 and the 45 mm Venu 4, which are the variants our live prices track, and the fēnix figures are the Gesture screen-timeout numbers rather than the always-on ones.

Manufacturer-statedfēnix 8 (47 mm, AMOLED)Venu 4 (45 mm)
Smartwatch modeUp to 16 daysUp to 12 days
Smartwatch, always-on displayUp to 7 daysNot published
Battery saverNot published in this tableUp to 25 days
GPS-onlyUp to 47 hUp to 20 h
All satellite systemsNot published separatelyUp to 19 h
All systems + multi-bandUp to 35 hUp to 17 h
All systems + multi-band, with musicNot published in this tableUp to 9 h

Finding one: this is the Garmin price gap the numbers actually justify

Most of the comparisons on this site end with some version of "the premium buys features, not data". This one is different in one specific respect: in the accurate satellite mode the fēnix 8 states 35 hours against the Venu 4's 17. That is not a rounding difference or a marketing tier. It is roughly double, in the mode that matters, and no firmware update closes it.

The GPS-only row is wider still — 47 hours against 20 — but we rank on the multi-band row, because that is the mode you would leave switched on if drift between buildings and under tree cover is the complaint you are buying a watch to fix. Either way the direction is the same, and unlike a bezel material it is a difference you can actually spend: a 35-hour stated figure covers a mountain hundred-miler with margin, and a 17-hour one does not cover one at all.

Finding two: the metric set is very nearly identical

Now the part the price gap does not buy. Garmin's own Venu 4 manual documents, in its Training section index: workouts and interval workouts, training targets, PacePro, racing a previous activity, a race calendar and primary race, a critical swim speed test, Virtual Partner, a training calendar, self evaluation, performance measurements, training status, acute load, training readiness and recovery time. The appendix publishes VO2 max. standard ratings and running dynamics data. That is the analysis stack people believe they are buying a fēnix for, in the lifestyle case.

It also pairs the same external sensors. Garmin's wireless-sensors page for the Venu 4 states that the watch pairs over ANT+ or Bluetooth and names the HRM 200, HRM 600, HRM-Fit and the HRM-Pro series — which matters more than any feature on this page, because an external strap is the one upgrade either watch supports that has published evidence behind it.

And there are things the Venu 4 lists that the fēnix 8 does not. Garmin's Venu 4 announcement names an ECG app, a health status feature that watches whether heart rate, HRV, respiration, skin temperature and Pulse Ox drift from their usual overnight ranges, lifestyle logging of choices such as caffeine and alcohol against sleep and HRV, sleep alignment and sleep consistency, a spoken watch face and color filters for color blindness. Read Garmin's own footnotes alongside them: health status is "currently in beta", Pulse Ox is "not available in all countries", and the ECG app needs the latest software and is limited to select regions and to ages 22 and over.

Finding three: what the money really buys

Strip the marketing out and the fēnix 8 premium buys three things: roughly double the stated endurance in every comparable mode, built-in maps with turn-by-turn navigation, and a case built to be hit. The Venu 4 has no maps, which is the most consequential omission on its spec sheet — if you navigate unfamiliar trails this comparison is over before the battery table, and the wider field is in running watches with maps.

What the premium does not buy is a better measurement of you. Both watches use Garmin's wrist optical sensor, both publish a multi-band receiver, and neither has been independently validated at anything.

The arithmetic

Per stated all-systems-multi-band hour, the fēnix 8 runs $22.11 and the Venu 4 $31.94. The live gap between the two prices is $231.

Both of those figures render live, which is the point of printing them rather than asserting a winner. The fēnix 8 is the outgoing flagship and discounting on it has been heavy, so whichever cost-per-hour number is lower on the day you read this is the watch giving you more stated endurance per dollar. On list price the Venu 4 is the cheaper watch by a wide margin; per hour of accurate satellite recording it frequently is not. Check both before you decide, because on this pair the discount settles it more often than the specification does.

One piece of timing to hold alongside that: Garmin announced the fēnix 9 in August 2026, so a fēnix 8 bought today is last year's flagship. That is the mechanism behind the discount rather than a reason to avoid it — nothing in the published record suggests the fēnix 8 measures anything worse than its successor, because nothing in the published record measures either of them.

The evidence, which is the same for both: none

No independent validation of a fēnix 8 or a Venu 4 exists that we could find — not of their optical heart rate, not of their sleep staging, not of their positioning. The nearest published evidence is about other Garmin watches, and it is not flattering:

  • In the 2025 study that wore five devices on the same people for 536 nights, the Garmin fēnix 6 came fourth of five on nocturnal HRV agreement at 0.87 concordance and 10.52% error, which the authors described as poor — and it was dropped from the resting-heart-rate comparison entirely, because the 30-minute window Garmin uses is not timestamped.
  • In the 100-runner lactate threshold study, the Garmin tested overestimated threshold pace by 25.78% and returned a usable estimate in 65.2% of attempts — and Garmin's own protocol in that study required an ECG chest strap, which tells you what the manufacturer thinks of wrist data when the answer has to be right.
  • In the 2025 anatomical-placement study, the wrist was the weakest of the sensor sites tested during high-intensity work — a finding about where a sensor sits rather than about which logo is on it. Both of these watches sit there.

That is why these two sit 0.4 apart on our rubric rather than a tier apart, and why the gap between them is almost entirely coverage and endurance rather than evidence. The full method is published at how we rank, and the measured case for the cheap upgrade both watches support is in wrist versus chest-strap accuracy.

Which to buy

Buy the fēnix 8 if you go out for longer than a stated 17 hours, if you navigate, or if the watch is going to get hit. Those are the three things the premium actually pays for, and all three are real. Our full write-up is the fēnix 8 review, and the field it leads is GPS watches for ultra distances.

Buy the Venu 4 if your longest day is a marathon, you train on routes you know, and you want a watch that does not look like sports equipment. You keep the training stack, the multi-band receiver, strap support, the ECG app and the flashlight, and you spend materially less. Our write-up is the Venu 4 review, and Forerunner 570 vs Venu 4 sets it against the running watch at its own list price.

Buy neither if what you actually want is better data. Neither watch has a validation record, both pair the same straps, and a chest strap costs a fraction of either watch while being the only part of this decision with peer-reviewed evidence behind it. If the budget is the constraint rather than the ambition, the Forerunner 265 records the same core metrics for less than both.

In full

Every pick, and why

01Expedition and rough-terrain use

Garmin fēnix 8 (47mm)

Everything Garmin makes, in a case built to survive being hit. You pay for the durability, not for better data.

Case
47mm, AMOLED
Satellite
Multi-band GNSS
Extras
Built-in maps, dive-rated, speaker and microphone

What's good

  • The most durable case Garmin puts a multi-band receiver into
  • Maps, dive modes and the full metric set in one device

What isn't

  • Records essentially the same physiological data as a Forerunner costing a third as much
  • Heavy compared with a dedicated running watch

Skip this if

Skip this if you run on roads and pavements. You would be buying a case specification you will never test, and the numbers it records are the ones a Forerunner already gives you.

What the evidence says

Manufacturer specification

Published specifications only; no independent validation of this model that we could find.

Show how this 7.5 was calculated
FactorWeightScore
EvidenceDetailed published specs, no independent measured validation.30%5.5
HardwareMulti-band GNSS in Garmin's most ruggedized current case.20%9.5
Metric coverageThe widest metric and mode coverage of any device on this site.20%10.0
EnduranceAmong the longest stated GPS endurance in Garmin's AMOLED line.15%8.5
Cost per capabilityBy some distance the weakest cost-per-capability figure here — the premium buys the case, not the data.15%4.5
Garmin Garmin fēnix 8 (47mm)
Our score7.5/10
$774.00Check price on Amazon

$999.9923% off

Price as of October 22, 2026. Prices move; Amazon's is the one that counts.

#ad · we may earn a commission from this link to Garmin fēnix 8 (47mm)

02One watch for training data and everyday wear

Garmin Venu 4

A Forerunner's training stack in a steel lifestyle case, with a longer published battery than the running watch it is priced against.

Case
41mm or 45mm, AMOLED, stainless steel
Satellite
Multi-band GNSS (manufacturer-stated)
Battery (stated)
12 days smartwatch / 17 h multi-band (45mm)
Extras
ECG app, LED flashlight, speaker and microphone
Sensors
Pairs ANT+ / Bluetooth straps, including the HRM 600

What's good

  • Garmin's own manual gives it the Forerunner analysis stack — training status, acute load, training readiness, PacePro, performance measurements, running dynamics
  • Publishes an all-satellite-plus-multi-band battery row, which the Venu line did not before: 17 stated hours at 45 mm
  • Pairs the chest straps that actually improve its heart-rate data, HRM 600 and HRM 200 included

What isn't

  • No independent validation of anything it measures, and the health features Garmin leads with are the newest and least checked
  • Garmin labels the health status feature beta itself, and restricts the ECG app by region and to ages 22 and over
  • No maps, and the 41 mm case states materially shorter battery than the 45 mm in every mode

Skip this if

Skip this if you are buying it for the health screening. Nothing published validates Garmin's sleep staging, its HRV figure came last of five brands in the only study that measured several at once, and the headline health-status feature is in beta by Garmin's own footnote. Buy it for the watch, not for the diagnosis.

What the evidence says

Manufacturer specification

No independent validation of this model exists that we could find — not of its optical heart rate, not of its sleep staging, not of its positioning. Garmin was absent from the Robbins et al. (2024) polysomnography comparison entirely, and in the one study that wore three brands at once (Dial et al., 2025) the Garmin device finished last of five on nocturnal HRV agreement.

Show how this 7.1 was calculated
FactorWeightScore
EvidenceDetailed published specification and a documented feature list, and no independent measurement of a single number this watch produces.30%4.5
HardwareMulti-band GNSS, Garmin's Elevate wrist sensor, ECG electrodes, speaker and microphone, 5 ATM, and ANT+/Bluetooth pairing for external sensors — the same hardware checklist as a current Forerunner, in a stainless case.20%9.0
Metric coverageTraining status, acute load, training readiness, PacePro, VO2 max, running dynamics, a swim test, HRV status, Body Battery, Pulse Ox, skin temperature and an ECG app. No maps, which is the one gap against the tier above.20%9.0
EnduranceGarmin states 12 smartwatch days and 17 hours in all-satellite-plus-multi-band at 45 mm. Longer than the Forerunner it shares a price with, and half a fēnix 8.15%7.0
Cost per capabilityLists at the same $549.99 as the Forerunner 570 and carries the better dollars-per-stated-multi-band-hour figure — but the premium over a 265 buys a metal case, a speaker and a flashlight, not better measurement.15%7.5
Garmin Garmin Venu 4
Our score7.1/10
$543.00Check price on Amazon

Price as of October 22, 2026. Prices move; Amazon's is the one that counts.

#ad · we may earn a commission from this link to Garmin Venu 4

How this ranking was built

Every score on this page comes from one published rubric, applied identically to every device on the site, with the weights written down and the inputs shown. We have not worn any of these devices and we never say we have. Read the method and check us.

Questions

Frequently asked

Is the fēnix 8 battery really twice the Venu 4's?

In the accurate satellite mode, on Garmin's own figures, roughly yes: 35 stated hours of all-satellite-plus-multi-band on the 47 mm fēnix 8 against 17 on the 45 mm Venu 4. GPS-only is 47 hours against 20. In smartwatch mode the gap narrows to 16 days against 12, and the Venu 4 publishes a 25-day battery-saver figure the fēnix table does not.

Does the Venu 4 record the same training metrics as a fēnix 8?

Very nearly. Garmin's Venu 4 manual lists training status, acute load, training readiness, recovery time, performance measurements, PacePro, a critical swim speed test and running dynamics data, and the watch pairs the same ANT+ and Bluetooth straps. The substantive gaps are maps, the ruggedized case and the endurance. Whether those model outputs deserve your trust is a separate question, worked through on training status explained.

Which is more accurate, the fēnix 8 or the Venu 4?

Nobody has measured either, so nobody knows. Both use Garmin's wrist optical sensor and both publish a multi-band receiver, so there is no published reason to expect a difference. If accuracy is the deciding factor, the decision that changes your data is adding a chest strap to whichever watch you buy — see the best heart rate monitors for Garmin watches.

Does the Venu 4 have maps?

No. Navigation on the Venu 4 is not map-based, and that is the clearest functional line between these two watches. If you want turn-by-turn navigation on a route you have never run, you are shopping one tier up — that field is in running watches with maps.

Is it worth buying a fēnix 8 now that the fēnix 9 exists?

It can be, and the reason is the discount rather than the specification. Garmin announced the fēnix 9 in August 2026 at a list price starting above where the fēnix 8 launched, and no independent validation exists of either watch — so there is no published evidence that the newer one measures you better. What you buy when you buy the outgoing flagship is the same unmeasured sensor behind a lower price, which is a trade this site thinks is usually worth making.

Show your working

Sources

Every one of these was read in full before it was cited. Where we could not access a paper, we do not quote its numbers.

  1. [1]Manufacturer specification2026
    Garmin — fēnix 8 Series owner’s manual, battery information

    Manufacturer-stated, read 2026-08-18. One table covers the fēnix 8 and the fēnix 8 Pro, which is why the two can be compared here without mixing sources. fēnix 8 AMOLED 47 mm: 16 days smartwatch with Gesture (7 with Always On Display), 47 h GPS-only (37 AOD), 35 h all satellite systems plus multi-band (28 AOD). fēnix 8 Pro 47 mm: 15 days (8 AOD), 44 h GPS-only (33 AOD), 30 h all systems plus multi-band (23 AOD). fēnix 8 Pro 51 mm: 27 days (15 AOD), 78 h GPS-only (56 AOD), 53 h all systems plus multi-band (41 AOD), and 21 h all systems plus multi-band with LTE LiveTrack (19 AOD).

  2. [2]Manufacturer specification2026
    Garmin — Venu 3 series owner’s manual, battery life information

    Manufacturer-stated, read 2026-10-18, Venu 3S then Venu 3: smartwatch mode with activity tracking and continuous wrist-based heart rate up to 10 days / up to 14 days; smartwatch mode with battery saver up to 20 / 26 days; GPS Only mode up to 21 / 26 hours; All Systems GPS mode up to 15 / 20 hours; All Systems GPS mode with music playback up to 8 / 11 hours; Always On display mode up to 5 days for both. NOTE the shape of this table: there is no all-satellite-plus-multi-band row, because the Venu 3 has no multi-band mode — the Venu 4 manual is the first in the line to publish one. Garmin's own caveat on the page is that actual battery life depends on which features are enabled, including activity tracking, wrist-based heart rate, phone notifications, GPS and connected sensors.

  3. [3]Manufacturer specification2026
    Garmin — Venu 3 series owner’s manual, specifications

    Manufacturer-stated, read 2026-10-18: rechargeable built-in lithium-ion battery; battery life up to 14 days in smartwatch mode for the Venu 3 and up to 10 days for the Venu 3S; water rating “Swim, 5 ATM”; operating temperature range −20 to 50 °C; charging temperature range 0 to 45 °C; wireless frequencies 2.4 GHz at 17 dBm maximum and 13.56 MHz at −40 dBm maximum. The web edition of this page does not publish case dimensions, weights, display resolution or memory, so this site quotes none of those for the Venu 3.

  4. [4]Manufacturer specification2026
    Garmin — Venu 4 Series owner’s manual, battery information

    Manufacturer-stated, read 2026-10-11, 41 mm then 45 mm: smartwatch mode up to 10 days / up to 12 days; battery saver watch mode up to 18 / 25 days; GPS only mode up to 15 / 20 hours; all satellite systems mode up to 13 / 19 hours; all satellite systems with music up to 6 / 9 hours; all satellite systems plus multi-band up to 12 / 17 hours; all satellite systems plus multi-band with music up to 6 / 9 hours. Garmin's own caveat on the page: “the actual battery life depends on the features enabled on your watch, such as wrist-based heart rate, phone notifications, GPS, internal sensors, and connected sensors.”

  5. [5]Manufacturer specification2026
    Garmin — Venu 4 Series owner’s manual, Training section index

    Manufacturer-documented, read 2026-10-11. The Training section of the Venu 4 manual lists: Activity Tracking, Workouts, Interval Workouts, Setting a Training Target, PacePro Training, Racing a Previous Activity, Race Calendar and Primary Race, Recording a Critical Swim Speed Test, Using Virtual Partner, About the Training Calendar, Enabling Self Evaluation, Performance Measurements, Training Status, Acute Load, Training Readiness and Recovery Time. The manual's appendix additionally publishes VO2 Max. Standard Ratings, Color Gauges and Running Dynamics Data, FTP Ratings and Wheel Size and Circumference. We make no claim about features the index does not name: an absence from a top-level index is not evidence that a watch cannot do something.

  6. [6]Manufacturer specification2026
    Garmin — Venu 4 Series owner’s manual, “Wireless Sensors”

    Manufacturer-stated, read 2026-10-11. Garmin states that “your watch can be paired and used with wireless sensors using ANT+ or Bluetooth technology”, and lists the supported sensor types: Club Sensors (Approach CT10), eBike, Extended Display, Heart Rate (HRM 200, HRM 600, HRM-Fit and the HRM-Pro series are named), Foot Pod, Headphones, inReach, Lights, Power (Rally or Vector pedals), Radar, RD Pod, Shifting, Shimano Di2, Smart Trainer, Speed/Cadence and tempe. The US edition of this page was not reachable from here, so the Asia-Pacific edition of the same manual is cited.

  7. [7]Manufacturer claim only2026
    Garmin — “Take steps towards a healthier lifestyle with the Venu 4 from Garmin”

    Garmin's own press release, read 2026-10-11. Announced 17 September 2025, on sale 22 September 2025, suggested retail price starting at $549.99, in 41 mm and 45 mm, stated at “up to 12 days of battery life in smartwatch mode”. Named features: Health status (monitoring whether heart rate, HRV, respiration, skin temperature and Pulse Ox drift from their usual ranges during sleep), lifestyle logging of choices such as caffeine and alcohol against sleep, stress and HRV, sleep alignment using circadian-rhythm data, sleep consistency over seven days, Garmin Fitness Coach with workouts across 25+ activities that adjust daily, a mixed-session activity profile, a spoken watch face, color filters for color blindness, an LED flashlight, a built-in speaker and microphone, HRV status, Body Battery, women's health tracking with skin temperature, the Garmin ECG App, training readiness and wrist-based running dynamics. Garmin's OWN footnotes, which matter more than the feature list: Pulse Ox is “not available in all countries”, the health status feature is “currently in beta”, cycle tracking is “not intended for contraception or conception support”, and the ECG app requires the latest software and is available only in select regions for ages 22 and over.

  8. [8]Manufacturer specification2026
    Garmin — Venu 4 Series owner’s manual, “Wireless Sensors”

    Manufacturer-stated, read 2026-10-11. Garmin states that “your watch can be paired and used with wireless sensors using ANT+ or Bluetooth technology”, and lists the supported sensor types: Club Sensors (Approach CT10), eBike, Extended Display, Heart Rate (HRM 200, HRM 600, HRM-Fit and the HRM-Pro series are named), Foot Pod, Headphones, inReach, Lights, Power (Rally or Vector pedals), Radar, RD Pod, Shifting, Shimano Di2, Smart Trainer, Speed/Cadence and tempe. The US edition of this page was not reachable from here, so the Asia-Pacific edition of the same manual is cited.

  9. [9]Manufacturer claim only2026
    Garmin — “Garmin announces the fēnix 9 and fēnix 9 Pro GPS smartwatch”, Garmin newsroom

    Garmin press release, 25 August 2026. fēnix 9 “available now, starts at $999.99”; fēnix 9 Pro starts at $1,099.99. Used here only to establish that the fēnix 8 is now the previous generation. No fēnix 9 is ranked on this site — no validation exists and no ASIN has been resolved.

  10. [10]Peer-reviewed validation2025
    Dial, Hollander, Vatne, Emerson, Edwards & Hagen, “Validation of nocturnal resting heart rate and heart rate variability in consumer wearables”, Physiological Reports 13(16):e70527

    DOI 10.14814/phy2.70527. n = 13 healthy adults (7 male, 6 female, 33.2 ± 8.6 years) across 536 nights, each wearing an Oura Gen 3, Oura Gen 4, Polar Grit X Pro, Garmin fēnix 6 and Whoop 4.0 simultaneously against a Polar H10 single-lead ECG reference sampled at 1000 Hz. Authors’ stated limits: healthy adults only, no atrial-fibrillation population, proprietary and periodically-updated algorithms, and unequal night counts per device. The Garmin was dropped from the resting-heart-rate comparison because the 30-minute window it uses is not timestamped.

  11. [11]Peer-reviewed validation2025
    Lu, Cui, Zhu, Wu, Xing, Pan & Shen, “Validity of smartwatch-derived estimates of lactate threshold heart rate and pace compared to graded exercise testing”, Frontiers in Physiology 16:1621996

    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2025.1621996. 100 healthy recreational runners (61 male, 39 female, 28.0 ± 9.6 years) against a treadmill graded exercise test with fingertip blood lactate (Biosen C-line), threshold determined by the modified Dmax method. Device counts were unequal: Huawei GT Runner n = 100, Garmin Forerunner 265/265s n = 23, COROS PACE 3 n = 17. Authors’ stated limits: unbalanced samples, indoor reference against outdoor watch tests, day-to-day threshold variability, and different heart-rate acquisition between devices — the Garmin protocol required an ECG chest strap while the other two used wrist PPG — plus undisclosed manufacturer algorithms.

  12. [12]Peer-reviewed validation2025
    “Impact of Anatomical Placement on the Accuracy of Wearable Heart Rate Monitors During Rest and Various Exercise Intensities”, Sensors (Basel)

    n = 28 (14 male, 14 female). Polar H10 chest strap as the reference. Compared Polar Verity Sense (forearm), Garmin Forerunner 55 (wrist) and three simultaneous Whoop 4.0 units at wrist, forearm and upper arm, across rest, cycling warm-up, burpees and a modified Bruce treadmill protocol.

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